Colosseum

The Colosseum is so important to society today, because not only is it a major accomplishment for architecture, with the styles and techniques that were used, It also had a major effect on our athletics that we have today. The Colosseum was such a huge achievement for not only Rome but also other countries like our very own United States of America, because it had an everlasting impact on our society today. The Colosseum was so important to Rome in terms of entertainment and athletics.The sound waves of gladiatorial battles, naval clashes, and savage beast wars urrounded the Colosseum, amplifying the crowds' intensity and excitement to a whole new level. It was such a dangerous area that a lower wall with a railing was surmounted around the arena (Colosseum 1). The Colosseum is located in Rome, Italy, originally called the Amphitheatrum Flavianum. The Colosseum is a symbol of Rome's power and is one of the world's greatest wonders. The structure is composed of travertine blocks, a br oken down marble rock, forming an ellipse 1,719 feet in circumference and 159 feet in height, with an area 282 feet by 177 feet.Soaring four tories high, arcades with pillars of Doric form the first three stories, as well as Ionic and Corinthian orders, meaning that all three were combined to form a new design. The Doric order being typically used for temples and is the simplest of the three, Ionic was a stockier look that was used usually for small buildings, then Corinthian was the â€Å"leafy' look that you would typically see at the top and bottoms of pillars. The interior of the building had three sections of marble seats for roughly 50,000 spectators.Beneath the sand were hidden passageways for the Gladiators preparing or battle and some were areas for the beast to remain until they were called upon (Titus Flavius Vespasianus 1). Fans adored Gladiators because they were strong and courageous, they were aware of the consequence, if they did not perform well, being death (Lendo n 1). Though many gladiators did die in the arena clashing with another gladiator for respect and possibly even a little fame, most died from the nonfatal wounds that would get infected.For some time the gladiatorial combat was on the rise and then began to fade away, this was around the time the Visigoths invaded Rome in 410. This then set the Empire on a decline resulting in very little money for the gladiator games. There is no mention of the games in the surviving records after the 430's. The Colosseum however was not deserted. Such massive buildings were far too valuable to be left alone. Builders hauled away the Colosseums stones to repair other structures or to build new buildings, such as churches and public spaces (Lendon 2).When looking at athletics today, there are similarities to the Colosseum. The Stadiums or arenas that are used today all reflect the basic principles of the Colosseum. Sports such as football, basketball, soccer, and track, all consist of an â€Å"aren a† where dominate athletes will participate in showcasing their elite and overpowering athletic abilities, competiting either as a team or individually to be the best. Surrounding that â€Å"arena† can compare the Colosseum's idea of an appropriate spectators view was given but at a price, exactly like our society today.It you nad t money you could afford the best seat in the stadium, and if you didn't, you had to settle for a seat that didn't have nearly as good of a view. It is apparent more space as provided for the spectators, because for the sake of being able to entertain a large crowd. Within a stadium are important areas to an athlete, in Rome these areas were passageways within the bottom layer of the Colosseum and the gladiators would be training and working on their combat skills and preparing for their battle (Lugli 1).A more common comparison would be a football stadium in which there are training rooms for the athletes and the locker room where all of the pre-game preparation is done. The athletes put all of their focus on the training, because the sport has major importance to them. The Colosseum impacted more than athletics, but also the Architecture that we see today is still being used and the ideas are being improved. When you look at the Colosseum you can see columns, arches, and other detailed designs within in the walls. Much like the Romans, Americans tend to salvage the good remains of buildings so that they can be used elsewhere.Today there are many buildings that have the same type of construction. Two examples being The White House and the Washington Capitol Building, two buildings represent power much like the Colosseum, both buildings consisting of the similar style columns and arches. You could sit here and try and convince yourself that there are differences between these buildings and the Colosseum, like it not being a similar shape but its not about that, the main importance would be how the structure is being held up and that would be with the strong, sturdy pillars that carry the image of power.This idea has been carried on through schools, Police departments, Courts, and even some banks have had similar structures. All of these buildings symbolize a lot of power over people for their own individual reasons. Though many will debate that perhaps the Colosseum is no longer important to ociety, It can be studied not only for its fascinating architecture but it can be used as a reminder of the sports that we have today and where our modern sports evolved from.The building itself is fascinating in the way it was put together with the lack of technology back then. Today something like that could be built faster and could be even more stable and perhaps more unique. The designs and the arches used could be even more developed and its look could be more eccentric, but acquiring the travertine block was difficult during this era, which adds to the significance of this marvelous building.

Erving Goffman The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life Essay

Erving Goffman has completed a wonderful presentation of human behaviour and face-to-face interactions, of a first meeting between two people, who may or may not have an audience. The use of a theatrical performance to explain the interaction was indeed an ingenious idea that kept me intrigued until the very end. This book was written in 1959 but its referencing to human behaviour is still very much relevant to today’s life style. Human behaviour patterns have been written about by many individuals over the years, why we do the things we do or how long we have been undertaking these behaviours. Is there any relevance to the patterns in our behaviour? It would seem there definitely appears to be. As a society, to influence how another person perceives who we are. We give appearances and refinements of someone we want people to see, yet not particularly who we truly are. Goffman describes this as a performance, a play that we put on to give a good first impression. This play could become a nightmare, if we do not keep it under control. It can be difficult to play the part of someone you are not, for the reason that it can rebound on you. It is better to persist with who you are, and not reveal all of yourself in the beginning, like a good story. To present who we are, we should start at the foundation, begin with presenting an opening act. This act should be near to true life, the person you would like to be known as. Currently a person of importance gives the impression that they know what they are doing, example your doctor. If they were a person who, on first meeting gave the impression that they were unsure, confused and unconfident, would you go back to them? No, perhaps not. Even when they are having a bad day your doctor will always appear to be in control, so that we feel more at ease. When we first meet new people we try to acquire information about them, it is then how the person delivers this information, that we base our assumptions. People give information verbally and non-verbally by expressions, movements, gestures and other presumably unintentional communications, like a slight smile. Our brain takes all this information into consideration then makes a personal judgment based on the material it collects. There is so much information for us to collect and make our decision on, that we sometimes need a second meeting to be able to make a correct judgement on a particular person we have meet. Goffman concludes that his own assumptions are made upon a face-to-face interaction and the result of an encounter, the performance that is given to each particular participant and their performance as a basic point of reference. In conclusion, Goffmans writings clearly represent how we present ourselves in everyday life today, and possibly well into the future. References Erving, Goffman (1959). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, New York, Anchor Books, pp. 1-16.

Audit Client Considerations

With this particular case study I will discuss several questions and facts regarding audit client considerations. 1) A brief summary of the case. 2) Identify key behaviors, attitudes and ethical dilemmas (if any) faced by the auditors. 3) Assess the philosophical and practical alternatives summarized in the case questions and evaluations of those solutions. 4) Briefly summarize what I would do faced with this situation in real life. The case is that of a CPA firm, Cardinal Coyote, located in Phoenix, Arizona and centers around three personnel members. Yancy Corliss is a new partner with the firm that is summoned into the managing partner’s office, Sharon Rules. Rules indicates that Jost Furniture is looking for a new auditing and she has been approached to submit a bid. Before committing to a bid Rules would like Corliss to conduct a background check to assess the potential risk of obtaining Jost as a client. The contract could prove to be quite lucrative for the firm as the company will need advice on international expansion. Since the bid is due to close fairly quickly she gives Corliss three days to report back to her. Corliss assembles his team which includes Lanny Beaudean who worked for the IRS for two years before joining the firm. Beaudean hopes to gain international experience with the firm so as to further his dream of becoming a CEO. The other two members of the team are Vinnie Gabelli and Jacki Oloff both of whom are not Arizona natives. After discussing their respective duties the team met at the end of the day to discuss their findings. After following a checklist of risk assessment they followed all except for the Verify the circumstances of any prior auditor’s dismissal1. The team felt that Yancy Corliss would be better suited to obtain this information. After non response from the firm’s attorney and sidestep answer of personality conflicts from Jost the team did receive permission to speak with previous auditors. They discovered that since there had been a modified opinion of the 2006 financial statements, where the auditors raised questions of going concern. The company had suffered persistent losses and the lack of cash flow was impairing their ability to secure financing. They also learned that subsequent auditors had been dismissed also for apparently coming to the same conclusion as the predecessor firm. Upon further investigation the team found that a million dollar loan covenant had been violated by neglect to keep a minimum balance due to the fact that the owner had withdrawn $500,000. 00 out of the company account to place a down payment on his home. The next time the covenant was broken the bank started foreclosure on the loan. The behaviors and attitudes of the auditor’s was very professional in exercising due diligence and proper training in the following manners. Oloff tried to contact the attorney several times by phone, left five messages and when she inquired about voice mail and email received a no answer to both types of technology. She also tried to set an appointment but was fended off of this type of communication as well. Corliss was put off about speaking with the previous auditors by the owner citing that there were personality conflicts and his concern was they would speak ill of the company. Corliss reminded him that it is required part of the procedure to accept them as a client. Gabelli investigated the going concern aspect, in doing so he found out that a loan to Phoenix Second Bank had begun foreclosure proceedings and the reasons behind this. He also found that by the time the foreclosure process had been completed the loan had been paid off. Finally Beaudean expressed his and the team’s concerns about taking on Jost as a client. All of these actions are in accordance with GAAS requirements on due diligence and appropriate training2. However had the situation arisen that is stated in question 2 of the case study there would be a serious issue that would be faced by Rules and Beaudean both. Question 2 asks what if Corliss had recommended that Jost be taken on as a client which surprises Beaudean and he asks what other factors did he consider and his response is â€Å"I am a new partner in the firm. I have to bring in new business. This client is a slam dunk. If we make a reasonably competitive bid, we will get the account. † â€Å". This presents a problem for Rules and Beaudean. It is abundantly clear that in this scenario Corliss is placing his needs above that of the society (in this case the firm). This as we have learned places him at Stage 2 of Kohlberg’s Model and violates all of the Six Pillars of Character. If Beaudean decides to follow the ethical choice of reporting his team’s findings to Rules the trust that was given to Corliss by assigning him the task of doing a thorough investigation. Due diligence and professional care are two of the core foundations upon with not only GAAP is founded upon but GAAS as well. Every accountant whether he/she is a Certified Auditor, CPA or CMA is required not only by law but by Ethical Standards to practice in our profession2,34. If the decision were to go ahead and submit a bid it would violate the standards by which we practice and are ethically bound to abide. In conclusion I would have done exactly as the auditor’s did. I would strongly recommend against taking on Jost as a client not only due to the going concern but also because of the red flags that appeared during a background investigation. Who knows what would further show up that was either unethical or illegal or both. In my personal opinion no contract is worth tainting my professional integrity and reputation. If Corliss were to recommend taking Jost on as a client I would raise my concerns with Rules and outline all that we had learned as well as strongly recommend against taking on Jost as a client.

Rotate the Dandies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Rotate the Dandies - Essay Example In The Picture of Dorian Gray, Lord Henry Wotton is a character known for his allegiance with immoral intentions and boundless sensual desires. Contrarily, Lord Goring in An Ideal Husband is a conservative and morally upright character devoted towards ensuring prosperity of conventional goodness in the society. Admittedly, both Lord Henry and Lord Goring play an instrumental role in influencing the dramas’ outcomes. Lord Henry employs his selfish and hedonistic personality in facilitating Dorian Gray’s downfall. On the other hand, Lord Goring takes Sir Robert out of his troubles by skillfully manipulating other characters through necessary blackmails and proper advices on wanting situations (Wilde, 36). Having acknowledged the instrumental roles played by both Lord Henry and Lord Goring, it is time to switch these two characters. There is a remote yet distinct possibility that switching of characters would lead to a significantly different ending of each play. This idea is inspired by the fact that Lord Henry has opposite personality traits compared with that of Sir Roberts. Lord Henry perpetrates immorality and selfish corruption throughout the drama, while Sir Roberts strives to ensure preservation of goodness and works towards tipping the scale to increase chances of moral ly accepted outcomes. Succeeding sections of this part conducts an informed prediction of Sir Robert’s fate in an event that Lord Henry assumed the role of Lord Goring in An Ideal Husband. In the first Act of An Ideal Husband, Sir Robert is blackmailed by Mrs. Cheveley as a means to gain Robert’s approval of her canal scheme. Sir Robert is trapped by the blackmail since failure to approve of the scheme would lead to revelation of a secret of which Mrs. Cheveley is a privy to the previously committed corrupt deed. Left with limited options, Robert decides to approve of

Political attitude Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Political attitude - Essay Example s making students more aware of the political environment and nurture their minds in order for them to make well-informed political choices in the future. The education has increased my understanding of American values of political tolerance, free society and liberty and thus I can confidently make individual political decisions without being swayed away by popular media opinion. College has enabled me understand the importance of political tolerance and democracy in the US since I am capable of respecting other people’s political opinions. College faculty has the effect of indoctrinating students consciously since it allows the students to select their own political orientation after offering different views points and perspectives of a certain social issue. For instance, college faculty will outline the controversial debate of issues such as abortion or gun control and outline the arguments advanced by those who are either for or against the controversial societal issue. In this case, I am of the opinion that college faculty guides students in gaining more political awareness by teaching the basic tenets of democracy, freedom, and civil liberties that are outlined in the US Constitution. The faculty does not impose any political thought or attitudes to individual students and is not affiliated with any political party. The aim is to enable the students appreciate the multiple viewpoints of a particular political issue. College education has contributed to my development of a more realistic view of the world and thus I am able to make informed political decision without being influenced by the prevailing public opinion. I now understand the importance of participating in voting in ensuring change in the society or getting certain government policies

Corporate Governance and Ethical Responsibility Research Paper

Corporate Governance and Ethical Responsibility - Research Paper Example 46; Wolper, 2004, pp. 164). Based on their relationship to the organization, external stakeholders may be categorized as input providers, competitors, and special interest group (Wolper, 2004, pp. 161-163). Following the above definitions, three internal and external stakeholders that Dr. DoRight might have to deal daily at the Universal Human Care Hospital are its doctors and nurses, its patients and the pharmaceutical companies. The doctors and nurses, being employees of the hospital, bound by its VMG and policies are expected to provide satisfactory healthcare; thus, they are considered internal stakeholders. The patients, being one of the hospital’s input providers based on their interest to get proper medication at a reasonable rate, and the pharmaceutical companies, being one of the hospital’s suppliers, which are expected to supply safe and effective drugs and other medical paraphernalia, are both considered external stakeholders. As the hired hospital president tasked to supervise and monitor the hospital’s 5,000 workforces to address the hospital’s various stakeholders, Dr. DoRight’s duty of loyalty to doctors and nurses is to ensure that they do their jobs responsibly. As such their illegal activities and negligence must be stopped, because failure to do so would jeopardize the integrity of the hospital that would consequently harm the corporation’s interest. As defined in the American corporate law tradition, â€Å"the duty of loyalty is the obligation to act in good faith to advance the best interests of the corporation† (Strine, Hamermesh, Balotti & Gorris, 2009, p. ii). In short, whatever Dr. DoRight does should be for the best interest of the hospital provided it does not violate the constitution and federal and universal laws (Palmiter, 2010). To hospital patients, Dr. DoRight’s duty of loyalty is to ensure that they get safe and sound healthcare. Such is in the best interest of the corpora tion, because by providing effective and safe healthcare, the hospital is not only living to its sworn VMG but could also increase patient patronage that could mean greater profit. To pharmaceutical companies, Dr. DoRight’s duty of loyalty is to act in good faith by transacting with these companies only as authorized by the hospital’s Board of Directors and only in pursuit for the best interest of the hospital. For example, Dr. DoRight should not endorse pharmaceutical products that are not needed by the hospital, that are unsafe or overpriced; even if his endorsement would earn him a considerable commission. Thus Dr. DoRight should put the interest of the hospital above his own personal interest. 2. Potential Conflicts of Interest between Internal and External Stakeholders Stakeholders’ interests may not always conform to each other, primarily due to the different roles each play in the organization. Thus Dr. DoRight may confront an in-role conflict between his duties of loyalty to doctors and nurses and to patients in Universal Human Care Hospital. As the investigation of the illegal procedures and negligence of the hospital’s doctors and nurses drags on for two years, patients remain untreated effectively causing their deaths. Dr. DoRight, knowing that both parties have fundamental rights – the right of doctors and nurses to fair investigation and the rights of patients to safe and effective

A Question of Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A Question of Ethics - Essay Example On the other hand, Danny’s mother violated the principle of space and privacy which is important in interpersonal communication and relationships. Danny needed some space, he went out with friends after a very long time and if his mother was getting so anxious then she could have called to check. Also, Danny’s mother had not slept the entire night, so she should not have initiated the conversation and should have waited till a more appropriate time to start the discussion. Both Danny and his mother also commit a face-threatening act which made their arguments more intense. Danny’s mother had no need to taunt Danny about the fact that his parents do not seek rent, feed him for free and so forth because such statements can hurt a person’s emotions, even if they are unintentional. Conversely, Danny should have just tried to understand and appreciate his mother's concern instead of retaliating because it was his negligence in the first place that became the ca use of his mother’s anxiety.

State and defend the deductive argument that God is required for the Essay

State and defend the deductive argument that God is required for the existence of objective moral laws - Essay Example The first premise is that if objective moral law standards exist, they point to the existence of a God. Here, it is assumed that all laws have a lawmaker, and since the laws are objective, then they must be made by a person who is not human. By definition, objectivity requires autonomy from human interferences (Reppert 34). The second premise is that objective moral standards exist, which means that regardless of preference or convention, some things are always right or wrong; a typical example is killing someone for no reason. Truths are self evident, and one is justified if it reasonable to believe in it; in this regard, if a person sees a red object, then they can assume that it is colored. The third premise comes from the first two premises and thus concludes that because of the above, a God exists. Some people respond to the first premise that draws associations between God and moral standards. These opponents state that sometimes laws can exist without a lawmaker. A case in point is Platonic realism in which it is explained that abstract objects exist outside of time and space; these objects stay constant and have no cause. Examples of such abstract objects include laws of mathematics and logic; number 3 exists independently of one’s thought, while laws of morality like fairness and justice are abstract. Therefore, platonic realism illustrates that since morality laws are brute facts (have no explanation), then there is no need for a lawmaker. A response to the second premise is that objective moral laws do not exist as postulated in moral nihilism, moral subjectivism and cultural relativism. Moral nihilists say that moral realities are absent as truth does not exist in ethics. Moral subjectivists claim that actions depend on the one holding them rather than some objective standard. Cultural relativists say that moral laws depend on the societies to which

The Most Turbulent Period in Modern America History Research Paper

The Most Turbulent Period in Modern America History - Research Paper Example In terms of racial inequality, no other time period has come to match the 1960’s in terms of turbulence and instability. This decade saw the uprising of African Americans who were fighting back against the widespread racism and inequality. These series of protestations came to be known as The Civil Rights Movement(Brunner, 2007). Although it began in prior decades, the movement grew in terms of size and effectiveness during this particular time period. Segregation was one of the forefront issues for those seeking equality. Segregation was the separation of African American and Caucasian peoples. This meant that the two races had separate schools, separate restaurants and bathrooms, even separate water fountains. The 1960’s featured the African Americans fighting back and demanding for segregation to be outlawed. Martin Luther King became an important figure and leader throughout this tumultuous time period and often spoke of the importance of peace in regard to the mult itude of riots which occurred as a result of these protests. The American government was compelled to react to the racial inequality as the voices of the African American people—and those who stood with them—grew louder. One such change took place in 1964 when the 24th Amendment was created which abolished the poll tax(Brunner, 2007). The poll tax was originally created in the mid to late 1800’s with the end of the Civil War and the beginning of Reconstruction. The poll tax made it so that people had to pay a specific tax in order to vote. This Jim Crow law made it virtually impossible for African Americans in the south to be able to vote as they often did not have the funds necessary to pay the tax. By abolishing the tax in 1964, one particular road block was removed for the African Americans who had been deterred from exercising their right to vote prior to this(Brunner, 2007). Another important change in terms of how America dealt with race relations also occurred in 1964 when President Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. (Trueman, 2010) This important piece of legislature became one of the most significant events in American social policy. The basic premise of the Civil Rights Act prohibited discriminating against anyone based on race, color, religion, or creed(Brunner, 2007). Perhaps President Johnson was convinced to sign the legislature due to the fact that around the same time, the Freedom Summer occurred where both African Americans and Caucasians traveled down to the south in order to convince other African Americans to register for voting(Trueman, 2010). A great deal of violence, threats, and even murder occurred during this short time period which could have been a deciding factor for Johnson since the Civil Rights Act originally was conceived of four years earlier. It also made it possible for the government to end segregation(Brunner,2007). Schools slowly had to integrate African Americans into the student population and often times these instances were met with a great deal o f protest from racist Caucasians and media attention. Not only did America experience many important changes in racial equality, the country also began to experience an important shift in its culture. The cultural changes occurred because of the American youth in the 1960’s. Literature, music, and education were particularly impacted during this time period and reflected the evolving mindset of the decade. Some of the more influential books that were published included â€Å"

Minimum Wage affecting the hunger and environmental nutrition Research Paper

Minimum Wage affecting the hunger and environmental nutrition - Research Paper Example Malnutrition, that is, lack of necessary ingredients for growth and development of people has thus been of great importance in many journals. Even with individuals with enough not feel hungry can still suffer malnutrition. In this case, the malnutrition is not just on lack of food but improper balanced diet. Food security, variety coupled with their affordability defines an environmental nutrition standard of a country. Dietary behaviors influence the whole community in a country though individual practices at household level. These dietary patterns are influenced by various factors among them the income of a household. The purchasing power of a household is determined by its income, holding any other factor constant (Mabli et al., 2010). The introduction of minimum wage requirement exposes various households to a threat of limited amount of goods and services. An income for a household is divided into various categories of expenses (Green-Lapierre et al.’ 2012). These expenses include among others recurrent bill payment, Personal hygiene items, allocation for transportation and most importantly food purchases. This part of argument is mostly concerned with influence of the idea of minimum wage on food purchase part of the expense (Barre, Mizier-Barre & Macintyre, 2011). A considerable high income obviously allows households to exercise a greater freedom in partitioning between the expenses and thus allowing for wide scope of choices, such as with food selection (Kirkpatrick & Tarasuk, 2010). Prices of different commodities are very vital in any decision regarding consumption. The ability to buy of a person is a function of the price under consideration. This means that household with low income or who due to the urgency of the other categories of expenses cannot afford high-nutrition foods are forced to resort to cheaper, less healthy foods (Mabli et al. 2010). Nutritious food consumption

The film enhance the original Script Essay Example for Free

The film enhance the original Script Essay All those who are inquired by the Inspector have a distinct dramatic pause, when asked a particularly gruelling question. The script does not direct the characters to wait before answering or attempting to answer the question, nor does it notify the reader of this. The introduction of the dramatic pause, is a welcome one by me, personally. The pause shows a hesitation within the characters and signifies how vulnerable they actually are. The pause symbolises time to allow the individual to think before he/she speaks, which was something that not one of the scripts characters did, other than Sheila who showed some real maturity. The maturity was also highlighted in the film, with the way she spoke and acted; her expressions were particularly impressive. The script makes out Sheila to be a naive person at the beginning, through the way she does what ever she is told, she starts off as a very gullible character but progresses to be the most intelligent out of the group. Sheila is the first and only person to realise how much the Inspector knows, and all he is doing is forcing the family to admit their errors. Priestly makes this known to the reader in the best possible way that is as sudden as he could possibly construct it. When Sheila did realise all that the Inspector was about, an outburst of music was played where the pitch was high, to signify a kind of brain wave. Another short section of high-pitched tones is played to begin the flashback for Sheila that I think is an ingenious idea. The music for the flashback is a brilliant addition to the film as it alerts the viewer that there is a change in time i. e. / backwards, a flashback. The zoom in technique is put to use yet again, which emphasises the slight grin on Evas little face, when young Sheila has a tantrum. The zoom in puts all focus on Evas smirk, which is a little, rude but made the situation even more offensive. The sharp music is attached to the scene making the situation seem worse than it already is, and with this music being played the camera which is still in the same position, (zoomed in on Eva) stays there whilst you see an unhappy Sheila storm out of the shop a distressed customer. This is a clever placement of props and filming instruments to capture this dramatic scene in the successful manner that it was shown in the film. The book description was adequate but no way near the quality of the film. The Inspector is shown purposely peeking at the time, both on his watch and the main clock on top of the mantelpiece. This constant keeping of time is important to the film because it highlights the significance of time. The Inspector has to make sure he has interrogated all of the members in the household and escaped before the real Inspector arrives, thus catching him out as a hoax. The script has not a possibility of outlining this importance of time within the text, as the only possible way is by printing in writing the Inspectors every movement, which would be very burdensome. Or the other way would be to write the script with the Inspector asking questions concerning the time, this proposition would not fit in with the current text and would seem very much out of place. Therefore the film has an obvious advantage with the Mise en scene and uses it to its full potential. The shot is mostly medium with an old fashioned sharp cut, this shows the films age but the editing is basic continuity editing. The basic continuity editing keeps the film flowing, but indicates how the film could be improved even more. The fading to and from flashbacks is a good introduction and clearly signifies when a flashback has occurred. The only other time the fading technique is used is when the film begins and ends. These two fades are extremely slow, to let the viewer take in what is happening. The first instance the fade in, the importance is on the table full of food, stressing the familys wealth and riches. The ending of the film allows the observer to reflect on the earlier goings on. The director includes great amounts of deep focus views and depse of field. This allows the viewer to observe a good selection of the Mise en scene on show. The Director of the film An Inspector Calls placed Sheila and Gerald together in the majority of the screen shots, most probably to symbolise how inseparable they were, but as the film moved on the two moved further from each other progressively. Priestley is successful in his method of showing the two peoples togetherness this was done in the style that he used, where Sheila and Gerald normally talk one after the other, owed to the fact they were regularly defending each other. This method gradually moved away as the script progressed too. The props are used to great effect in the film as I have already mentioned, they direct the viewer to many thoughts and dictate the play to a certain extent. The props give the film such an edge it is quite unbelievable. There are numerous props used the main ones being a decanter or drink (belonging to Eric) which indicates his horrific drinking problems, a clock on the mantelpiece which indicates time and a fireplace and dimmed lights to give the impression of a romantic scene. It is not only the props that give the film the more successful outlook though, the way that they are used is just as important. The most evident good use of a prop is where Mr. Birling fetches the Inspectors hat, then passes it to him in an attempt to push the annoying interrogator away. A prominent aspect that improves the script of An Inspector Calls is the head movement and more precisely the eye movement of the actors/actress. The Director made sure that whoever was in control always acted in control, the Inspector used two different styles, which indicated he was in control. One was staring into the eyes of his victim, pressurising them and the other was to look away whilst still talking giving the impression he was calm and collected, but still in complete command. All this clever directing enhances the script in a immense way. A good example of the head movement is when Mrs. Birling hears her own sons confession to drink abuse and she leans her head back rolls her eyes and looks towards the heaven for some escape or help. This expression of disappointment is so very effective, as is the scripts description to an extent but it can not rival the real life display. The camera is used in a variety of ways too, to demonstrate different emotions and atmospheres. The most potent of the batch is the look up/down technique, that can either make the person in conjunction with the camera appear gigantic, powerful looking, or tiny, weak and useless. A good example for each technique is; after Mrs. Birling had seen the photo of Eva/Daisy and felt rather foolish the camera then peered up at the Inspector therefore making him seem overpowering. The other example was at the other end of the spectrum when the camera peered gazingly downwards on Eva, when she was stood in front of Mrs. Birling and her help committee, making Eva seem helpless and weak which is true as her plea was unfairly overlooked and overruled. There are many aspects of the film version than enhance the script of An Inspector Calls. The bulk of the enhancements are made either throughout the film or at the latter stages in the film and only a minority towards the beginning. This leaves a good impression in the viewers mind. The fact that the Inspector is psychic adds mystery to the script, which is a good thing as mystery is the main genre of the script. The music and sound effects enhance the script without question throughout the film. The dramatic feel as sudden sharp extracts of tunes are blended in to the play is effective to say the least. The panning and movement of the camera, is extravagant and possibly a little overdone, other than the zooming in for facial expression. The expressions told the observer a lot where otherwise, it would be difficult to explain. The work by the Director that deserves to be applauded the most though is his use of props, the quantity was perfect as was the way in which they were used. The end result of the film is ver contrary to the beginning. A new mature partnership has formed in the name of Sheila and Eric, the new generation. The responsibility and maturity shines through the brother and sister and the new togetherness is made prominent by wide pan shots of the pair in every frame, nearing the end of the film. The penultimate shot of the two together focuses at the two characters heads, which I believe, is to show how the two have improved displaying how much they have grown up. The guard for the family was without doubt Sheila, hence why she was in the majority of the frames nearing the finish. The younger generation learnt a lot more from the concerning experience than the elder generation, with Gerald trapped in the middle of the two. There were a few differences between the script and the film, but the few that there were, were appropriate and only added to the brilliance of the play. The smallest and most insignificant difference was the name of the Inspector, in the script it was, Inspector Goole and in the film it was, Inspector Poole. All that the difference in the names could suggest is that the name Goole could be questioned and raise suspicion of the Inspector being a supernatural human therefor the Director ditched the G for a P. The most dramatic difference between the two sets of media is the ending. The script does not entail Birling verbally assaulting the Inspector whereas the film does. This verbal abuse given by Birling is more accurate to how someone, who had gone through that ordeal, would act. The scene also adds some suspense to the play which is lacked a little throughout, this being a big difference from the script, which is teeming with suspense. The film contains suspense at the very end, as the viewer awaits the inevitable entrance of the real Inspect where the nightmare will repeat itself, but the phone rings before hand and the suspense kicks in again as the viewer eagerly wants to know who is on the phone. The person who on the phone to Birling is from the infirmary, notifying the household of a suicide just being committed proving the Inspector to be psychic. The one complaint that I would have about the film of An Inspector Calls is the acting of Eric, in one scene he is his expected squiffy self, then in the next scene he has suddenly recovered and is sober. I am not sure whether this is a fault of the Director or the actor but either way I believe it was an error and not very effective. Probably the most important aspect to the film over the script was the introduction Sheila looking at herself in the mirror, early on. This is important to the play/film as the whole story is in regard to looking within yourself, and admiring and being disappointed with what you see, in this case it was being very disappointed. This incident occurred moments before her explanation on her error. Other than then few slight criticisms, I have no qualms of the script nor the film, and they were both a joy to read and watch respectively.

Low life expectancy Essay Example for Free

Low life expectancy Essay Todays world is all about speed. Every single process is studied and programmed to be as quick as possible, with optimal efficiency. We are currently witnessing a fundamental transformation of the society that we can qualify as a robotisation, essentially in the developped countries. That could be beneficial for some countries, in some fields, for some people. But we all should be aware that there are humans that cannot follow this step. In fact, this new process is involving a wider gap between developped countries and the least developped countries concerning life expectancy. Life expectancy is an average number of year given to a person at his birth depending on the country he was born in, and it is a factor defining the health of a country. Diseases, war, famine, death rates in one hand, national economic prosperity, standard education and performant healthcare in the other hand, there are many factors affecting the life expectancy in each country, making it better or worse. People tend to have. a longer. life in western countries like Israel where the average expectancy life is 81 years old, instead of Zimbabwe, where the average expectancy life is 52 years old (CIA, 2012). This essay will assess two solutions to low life expectancy in the developping world. First, the. promotion and improvement of the health care system and infrastructure, then the development of appropriate education programs to instruct and educate the population of those third world countries. The countries where life expectancy is very low are country where death rates are very high. These death rates are caused by further facts as war, diseases, pandemics and outbreaks so we can notice that healthcare system and infrastructure are very important to maintain the population in a good shape. The difference between evelopped and developping countries concerning this matter has always been the economical issues. Developping countries, in order to improve their situation, must establish plans Wich will structure an efficient government budget, however because of their low or very low GDP, this budget could be extremely tight regarding. healthcare and infrastructures dedicated to that matter. For example in UK, the budget dedicated to healthcare represents eleven percent of the GDP, whereas Angola uses only 2% of public expenditure (WHO,2005). Due to such a low budget dedicated to Healthcare, developping countries are not able to provide efficient reatments and qualified medical staff to their citizens. The only solution to that issue for developping coutries is to increase their health care budget and place the ministry of health upper in their priorities. Increasing the tax rates on high income people would raise the budget and slightly rise the budget by 2% in the Gross Domestic Product. Government should aso work on the drug prices and user fees to make it more affordable , and control the parallel market to prevent fiscal losses. A reasonnable and efficient use ot ressources should imply an equilibrium in the third world economies and make them refill their budget. That would make the coutry eligible for a financial help from the world bank, the african development Bank or the IMF. Construction of new hospitals and purchases of drugs would then be possible perspectives. Moreover, the governments should focus on supportive private health care and introduction ofa health insurance that would help people keep their money and still get efficient treatments. Improving healthcare all over the world and especially in the developping coutries is actually one of the most relevant issues of the 21 rst century. The second part of the essay focuses on the educational kind of treatment that eople in the developping coutries should get in order to educate them to the new technologies that they will be facing, the new facilities that tey will be using. Education will also allow the medical staff to supply the knowledge and services that people are expecting. On top of that, education will improve peoples situation, working in better places and not being in contact with diseases and bacterias. They will earn more money and that is improving the situation of the country as well, by increasing the GDP. We can say that ducation is at the begining of the chain that will bring a country to prosperity. In order to improve the medical treatments quality, the ministry of education should organize training programs and. seminars for the. medical body (WHO, 2000). In a close collaboration with the ministry of Health and some associations, the Ministry of education should promote hygenie among primary schools, high schools, universities and other educational institutions through presentations, or conferences with medical bodies or even advertisement. The local associations should be also supported and prevention should happen mor often. Give soap a chance! (wash hands, 2012) is a slogan used by NHS in the I-JK, a world eading country in terms of health. Awareness of young people associated with scientific knowledge and prevention actions would be a great sanitary improve and could lead toa rie in the life expectancy rise. According to the previous sayings, we can say that life expectancy could be well improved by working on how to manage the budget to improve the sanitary system, and improving the educational system that will in a way rise the awareness of people concerning health care and science. Even if we focused on two aspects of low life expectancy solutions, we should mention that famine, war and natural disasters are lso issues that governments should work on. http://www.afro.who.int/en/clusters-a-programmes.html https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/rankorderguide.html http://www.who.int/whr/2000/media_centre/press_release/en/ http://www.who.int/hac/crises/ago/background/Angola_Dec05.pdf http://www.who.int/topics/health_policy/en/

Child Malnutrition In Somalia Health And Social Care Essay

Child Malnutrition In Somalia Health And Social Care Essay Fifty three percent of children in Somalia have the risk of malnutrition (UN). With the increasing drought and violence rate, thousands of Somalis have fled in search for work in countries that border Somalia. The information assembled for this project includes behavioral, environmental dynamics of Malnutrition in children, and an explicit point of convergence of the general history of nutritional diseases in the country suffered by children. A large proportion of malnutrition mortality is contributed by infections that are largely preventable cause. A large scale of these deaths happen at home and because the child is given no medical attention. There are majority of alternatives and programs that can be implemented in order to help reduce and solve the problem of malnutrition, this policy brief has therefore provided some recommendations to address to this growing health issue. As of 2009 (2005 statistics), the World Bank has estimated that, the population of Somali children under 5 ranged from 1637 17000. Among that population 42% of children under 5 suffered firm shunting (WHO) while 36 % of the total population of children suffered from underweight (NCHS/WHO) accompanied by severe malnutrition. Recurring famines has been of a huge problem in the horn of Africa, particularly Somalia. Although famines do not necessarily result from lack of food production alone, it could be triggered by natural disasters that manifests in drought of crops but the major factor that is responsible behind recurring famines is due to a Nations economic collapse and the loss of authority of the government on the the mass of population. Somalia Severe crisis in food availability increased the mortality rate of different age groups but, children were mostly affected by it. Many people either leave to another town in search for work or leave the country altogether in search for a better quality of life. Somalia has suffered from consecutive droughts years that has caused a loss of livestock, population displacement and malnutrition being the major issue leaving 10 million people at risk for starvation. Children, particularly those who ranged less than 5 years of age usually have a higher death rate in such conditions. Based on data from - , the search for malnutrition in chidren of Somalia, reported that approximately 53% of the total child population age ranged 5 years and below were malnutrition prevalent, while 180 per 1000 children lives under the age of 5 resulted in death, triggering an increase in child mortality rates. Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia experiences constant wars, poverty and diseases. Children who live admits this war crisis have no option but to depend on elders for basic necessities for survival. In Somalia children experience difficulties like, poverty, violence which is caused by civil unrest contribute less or no nutritional facilities to children. Children have no choice but to do menial jobs only as a source for survival. (Jamal Osmaan). According to the Food Analysis Unit for Somalia (FAO/FSAU), more than 600,000 people, out of which 43% of children, in Shabelle and Somalias capital Mogadishu, are in a keen need for humatirarian emergency, due to the high inflation of starvation rates. Infectious diseases like diarrhea, pneumonia, kwashiorkor, edema and marusmus are the most acquired diseases that are manifested as a result of malnutrition in Somalia. Insufficient amont of nutritients like, proteint, iodine, calcium along with several other causes play a part in such occurrences of infections which result in mortality. In addition, malnutrition also causes an increased case-fatality ratio (CFR) in the most common childhood communicable diseases (i.e., measles, diarrheal disease, malaria, and acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Even when the coutry is not at a risk of drought or famines, majority of the age groups that still at are mortality risk comprise of young children. Environmental factors that encourage malnutrition rates can be because of; growth in population, overcrowding, people living in unsanitary conditions, forced migration and last but not the least, dependency on the government to provide nutritional campaignes for both mothers and children affecte d with severe malnutrition. Somalia does not have the railway transportation facilities although buses and trucks are made available in certain regions, the roads are seriously deteriorated enough to help patients in need for medical attention. Even if families decide to take these children to hospitals, transportation, funds and the bad image of public health establishments delay the underprivileged child from obtaining the care they need. With reference to this specific population, the UNICEF and the WHO implemented three nutritional statuses that determine quantitative analysis of children suffering from malnutrition: Weight for age: measures both acute and chronic malnutrition. Height for age: measure the height of the child with respect to age. This method determines the characteristics of a child who is severely shunted. Stunting is a reflection of chronic malnutrition which occurs if a child does not receive adequate nutrition over a long period and is exposed to recurring chronic illnesses. Based on, Somalia MICS 2006 Report, 53% of Somali children under the age of 5 are Malnutrition prevalent and 36% of the total child population are moderately underweight(Appendix.1). In addition, thirty eight percent of children are stunted or too short for their age and 11 percent are wasted or too thin for their height. With regard to these data, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the World Fit for Children (WFFC) have set goals to reduce infant and child mortality caused as a result of malnutrition. Childrens nutritional status is the key determinant for a childs overall health. If a child receives a good supply of food and not exposed to repeated illnesses and are well taken care of they satisfy the term of nourishment. http://www.childinfo.org/files/MICS3_Somalia_FinalReport_2006_eng.pdf Poor food security is a basic cause of malnutrition, that causes major compulsion to adequate household food security and also feeding practice. At this time, in addition to poor food security,there was an increase in child and mother health deterioration. This proves that emergency consideration should given to health issues that are formed as a result of food crisis. Community based tactics are being evaluated to provide precautionary and aid services through national as well as international organizations like UNICEF, the World Health Organization, United Nations and World Fit for Children (WFFC). To broaden this flourishing program to a bigger population, UNICEF admits the worsening drought conditions, soaring food prices and mass displacement of people have formulated programs by supplying supplementary feeding for 44,000 children under five years of age across the Mogadishu-Afgoye province in Central and Southern Somalia. UNICEF with partnership with National Somali NGO Jumdo Peace and development has aimed to reach out and help 90% of the total malnutrited children. () There is an ongoing requirement for progress and support of basic diagnostic methods, in addition to the progress of fact-based healing guidelines, to permit minimally qualified health care workers to effectively and efficiently take care of children inflected with diseases that arise as a result of malnutrition. There is an utmost necessity to investigate the health system challenges and limitations for implementation of national awareness programs, examination of antibiotic treatment to specific illnesses like pneumonia that is associated with child malnutrition. Poverty is usually considered to be the main causes of malnutrition. The quality of life initiatives should be taken into consideration and any laws developed on women should not reduce time for the care of children. Other drawback that influence the growth rate of malnutrition in parts of Somalia are : Vaccination coverage provided by the government doesnt satisfy the demand of the children in need. Long distances have to be covered to reach medical facilities and children are not able to to make it through the long journey to receive medical attention. Hygiene and sanitation conditions are poor and clean water is rarely available. Malnourished chidren already prone to be being susceptible to secondary illnesse, factors like exposure to poor hygienic conditions and most women are being uneducated and illiterate limits their knowledge to good caring practices and prevention of diseases. Since, child and maternal morbidity were important determinants of malnutrition in Somalia, the population that are inflicted with high rates of child mortality should receive access to health services, particularly maternal and child health, immunizations to emerging diseases and availability of Vitamin A supplements. Diseases like Edema, Kwashiorkor and Marasmus are often linked as a result of child malnutrition. Hence in order to achieve an improved statistical number of mortality rate in children it is necessary to take proper initiatives to improve dietary diversity. This could be encouraged by lowering the cost of food supply and provided informal education to improve knowledge in nutrition and health. The subject on nutrition should involve breast feeding information, how to prepare weaning foods and increase diversity using local foods. Simple instructions like teaching mothers to be involved in the treatment and recovery of their children, feeding assistance based on calorie consumption, helps prevent the downfall of children population. Another significant aspect in decreasing malnutrition mortality is by providing sufficient nutrients which supplies children with adequate antibodies and the sustenance to fight infectious diseases. Infants and children who are well nourished get sick less and for short period of time, love longer and work more years than adults who are not well nourished(Skolnik, 2008) This helps make contribution to the nations economy.

The Watts Riots Essay -- American History Race Riots

Imagine being born in a place where people don't mix with one another and keep to their own kind. Imagine not being able to walk into a store because it is white owned. How would it feel if you were black, lived in a city that was run by a white government, where poverty, unemployment and lack of education were all problems of everyday life? If everyone were treated equally, then it would not be a problem. But for inner city African Americans that isn't the case. As humans, there is only so much we can take when it comes to segregation before we act out. There is only so much hate a person can take before letting it be known, once a person is pushed over that threshold there is no holding back. Overwhelming hate and anger with revenge takes hold and all thoughts of consequences rushes out of a person's body. The only thought remaining is violence, which is where rioting comes into play. All it takes are a few people to start protesting and yelling then the next thing you kn ow you have a group of people then a mob. People are like sheep. When a person sees another person doing it, then they are more inclined to join in. Someone then throws a rock, then a bottle, and then all of a sudden here comes an array of Molctov Cocktails and guns. You then have a mob of people with built up tension and anger, ready to crush and destroy whatever stands in their way of their demonstration. Central Los Angeles, California was blown away by one of those demonstrations. "It was the worst urban riot since the 1943 disturbance in Detroit" (Bradley 896). According to reports, the Los Angeles riot all started on the evening of August 11, 1965: Two white California Highway Patrol Officers pursued a weaving automobile for six bl... ...nt Bush sent one thousand lawmen and four thousand soldiers to Southern California to try and contain the problem. Astonishingly, the most heartfelt call for peace and calm came from Rodney King himself: "Can we all get along? Can we stop making it horrible for the older people and the kids? Rioting is just not right. It's not going to change anything. We'll all get our justice (Duffy 23). Works Cited Daniel, Clifton. Chronicle of the Twentieth Century. Mount Kisco, N.Y: Chronicle, 1987. Dodson, Angela. "Twenty Five Years After Kerner." The Quill April 1993:pg.16-21. Duffy, Brain. "Days of Rage." U.S New and World Report May 11, 1992:pg.20-27. Magill, Frank. Great Events From History. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1975. "Watts Riots." Encyclopedia of Civil Rights in America. 1998ed. "Watts Riots." Encyclopedia of Multiculturism. 1994ed.

Extreme Jealousy in Shakespeares Othello, the Moor of Venice Essay

Extreme Jealousy in Othello, the Moor of Venice      Ã‚   Aristotle's Poetics laid out the definition of tragedy: unlike comedy, the purpose of tragedy is not merely to instruct and delight an audience. Rather, its aim is to allow a cathartic release as a result of the heightened emotional state caused by the events of the tragedy. This idea assumes that the average person can experience these intense emotions vicariously. In Psyche and Symbol in Shakespeare , Alex Aronson contends that the characters in Shakespearean tragedy have the power to affect us because they tap what Carl Jung called the collective unconscious , the "omnipresent, unchanging, and everywhere identical condition or substratum of the psyche per se" (14). Othello, the Moor of Venice, attempts to achieve the requisite level of harrowing emotion by treating the audience to a spectacle of passionate delusional jealousy and the murder that follows. The playwright, according to Rolf Soellner, framed his Moorish general?s fall in terms of Passion warring with Patience (both 'the will' and rationality of action) -- drawing on the prevalent Senecan and Stoic conventions of the baroque period in which he was writing (239-58). Unfortunately, the modern tendency to 'psychoanalyze' the words and actions presented in Othello reduces the audience?s experience from cathartic to metaphoric. In either case, the Moor?s over-reaction can be viewed as a lesson counseling against indulgence in the excesses of emotion without a balancing leaven of self-control. As most of Othello ?s fictional characters have been psychoanalyzed in absentia , I hoped to find a reasonable psychological explanation for Othello?s breakdown. The journal American Imago (co-founded by Freud) has publ... ...as truly such a destructive force.    Works Cited and Consulted Aronson, Alex. Psyche and Symbol in Shakespeare . Bloomington, IN: Indiana UP, 1972. Bell, Millicent. ?Othello?s Jealousy.? Yale Review 85 (April 1997): 120-136. Driscoll, James P. Identity in Shakespearean Drama . East Brunswick, NJ: Assoc. UP, 1983. Faber, M. D. ?Othello: Symbolic Action, Ritual and Myth.? American Imago 31 (Summer 1974): 159-205. Holland, Norman N. Psychoanalysis and Shakespeare . New York: McGraw, 1966. Kovel, Joel. ?Othello.? American Imago 35 (Spring-Summer 1978): 113-119. Reid, Stephen. ?Othello?s Jealousy.? American Imago 25 ( Fall 1968): 274-293. Shakespeare, William. Complete Works of Shakespeare . Ed. David Bevington. 4th ed. NY: Longman, 1997. Soellner, Rolf. Shakespeare?s Patterns of Self-Knowledge . N.p.: Ohio State UP, 1972.    Extreme Jealousy in Shakespeare's Othello, the Moor of Venice Essay Extreme Jealousy in Othello, the Moor of Venice      Ã‚   Aristotle's Poetics laid out the definition of tragedy: unlike comedy, the purpose of tragedy is not merely to instruct and delight an audience. Rather, its aim is to allow a cathartic release as a result of the heightened emotional state caused by the events of the tragedy. This idea assumes that the average person can experience these intense emotions vicariously. In Psyche and Symbol in Shakespeare , Alex Aronson contends that the characters in Shakespearean tragedy have the power to affect us because they tap what Carl Jung called the collective unconscious , the "omnipresent, unchanging, and everywhere identical condition or substratum of the psyche per se" (14). Othello, the Moor of Venice, attempts to achieve the requisite level of harrowing emotion by treating the audience to a spectacle of passionate delusional jealousy and the murder that follows. The playwright, according to Rolf Soellner, framed his Moorish general?s fall in terms of Passion warring with Patience (both 'the will' and rationality of action) -- drawing on the prevalent Senecan and Stoic conventions of the baroque period in which he was writing (239-58). Unfortunately, the modern tendency to 'psychoanalyze' the words and actions presented in Othello reduces the audience?s experience from cathartic to metaphoric. In either case, the Moor?s over-reaction can be viewed as a lesson counseling against indulgence in the excesses of emotion without a balancing leaven of self-control. As most of Othello ?s fictional characters have been psychoanalyzed in absentia , I hoped to find a reasonable psychological explanation for Othello?s breakdown. The journal American Imago (co-founded by Freud) has publ... ...as truly such a destructive force.    Works Cited and Consulted Aronson, Alex. Psyche and Symbol in Shakespeare . Bloomington, IN: Indiana UP, 1972. Bell, Millicent. ?Othello?s Jealousy.? Yale Review 85 (April 1997): 120-136. Driscoll, James P. Identity in Shakespearean Drama . East Brunswick, NJ: Assoc. UP, 1983. Faber, M. D. ?Othello: Symbolic Action, Ritual and Myth.? American Imago 31 (Summer 1974): 159-205. Holland, Norman N. Psychoanalysis and Shakespeare . New York: McGraw, 1966. Kovel, Joel. ?Othello.? American Imago 35 (Spring-Summer 1978): 113-119. Reid, Stephen. ?Othello?s Jealousy.? American Imago 25 ( Fall 1968): 274-293. Shakespeare, William. Complete Works of Shakespeare . Ed. David Bevington. 4th ed. NY: Longman, 1997. Soellner, Rolf. Shakespeare?s Patterns of Self-Knowledge . N.p.: Ohio State UP, 1972.   

Human Rights :: Human Rights Essays

Human rights are universal, indivisible and interdependent. Human rights are what make us human. When we speak of the right to life, or development, or to dissent and diversity, we are speaking of tolerance. Tolerance will ensure all freedoms. Without it, we can be certain of none. The raging ethnic cleansing in Kosovo is an example of intolerance. The Serbians will not tolerate the Albanians at any cost. They are forcing them from their homes, turning the streets into killing fields. This civil war seems unstoppable because of the intolerance of one race against another. No respect for individual rights, basic human rights. Another example is right in our own back yard. I am speaking of hate crimes which plague our society. They are no different today than centuries ago when slavery was allowed. One race against another. One religion against another, it is all the same. Hate is the opposite of tolerance. We can only live together through an expression of tolerance of the differences each of us brings into this world. We should embrace the differences and share the differences. For this is how we learn, through each others' differences. Tolerance in all cultures is the basis of peace and progress. Our country was founded on the basic idea that all man and women are created equal with liberty and justice for all. We must respect and preserve the rights of all, for when the rights of one is threatened the rights of all are diminished. I would like to leave you with this story to ponder. In Germany they came for the Communists, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Communist. Then they came for the Jews, and I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the Catholics, and I didn't speak up because I was a Protestant. Then they came for me and by that time no one was left to speak up. Remember tolerance and mercy have always and in all cultures been ideals of government rule and human behavior. Today, we call these ideals human rights. Human rights are to be respected and preserved if we are progress as a society and as a people. Affirmative: Organized government would be non-existent if human rights were not preserved and protected. This Nation was founded by men of many nations and backgrounds. It was founded on the principle that all men are created equal, and that the rights of every man are diminished when the rights of one man are threatened.

Brain Hiccup (Ocd)

Brain Hiccup Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a type of anxiety disorder that is characterized by obsessive thoughts and compulsive behavior. OCD is an illness that really makes an impact in the lives of the people. This disorder traps its victims in endless cycles of repetitive thoughts and behaviors. This debilitating disorder called OCD exhibit obsessive thoughts linked to compulsive behaviors and causes symptoms that are difficult to treat, but medications and cognitive behavioral therapy helps control the outbursts, enabling OCD people to live a fairly normal but challenging life.According to Dr Robinson, OCD is like a needle getting stuck on an old record. Basically he is portraying how OCD works in the brain and causes people to get stuck on a certain idea or urge. By this happening it causes the effects of being trapped in an endless cycle. This cycle is caused from recurring and distressing thoughts, fears, or images that the person is stuck on and can’t control . This makes it impossible to control, which becomes an obsession, and causes anxiety from not having control of the obsession. This leads OCD victims to an urgent need to perform certain rituals or routines that called compulsion.The whole purpose of a compulsive ritual or routine is an attempt to prevent or make the obsessive thoughts go away. This anxiety disorder is a mental illness that really affects and makes those who have it suffer. Obsession is one of the components that an OCD person will experience by having this disorder. The obsessions are involuntary uncontrollable thoughts, impulses, or images that occur over and over again in their mind. In the beginning they don’t understand the obsession and why it’s happening. Over time, they will experience it more and more, which causes them to associate it with a fear and disabling anxiety.They can be may obsess about not shaking hands or touching public doorknobs because of fear of contaminated. Those who fear h urting others will obsess about their actions and the consequences of them hurting someone. Those who fear that things need to line up or be perfect are obsessed furniture arrangement, eating habits, or cloth. This obsession causes the most anxiety for OCD people. Another obsession is inappropriate sexual thoughts, pornographic images, violent emotions, and violent thoughts. The most common obsession in OCD is hoarding, because they fear something bad will happen if they throw away things.Typical examples of things people hoard are useless items, like outdated catalogs or clothing. Obsession can be demonstrated in many ways for OCD suffers, and really impact their daily lives. The second component that is caused from OCD is compulsion. Compulsions are certain acts of behavior that people do to get rid of the anxiety that was caused from the obsession. They do so by performing certain behaviors, which are rules or routines that they have made up. OCD people display compulsive behavio r that is derived from the obsession they have.For example, those obsessed with contamination or germs will compulsively wash and clean their hands till their raw. They can be compulsive in making sure towels are all the same brand and arranged correctly. Another compulsive behavior OCD people portray is checking locks on door multiple times, for instance six times before leaving the house. People with counting and arranging obsessions have compulsive behavior in ordering and arranging things to be perfect. These compulsive behaviors can become so time consuming from the routine they need to do in suppressing the anxiety.Which can really impact a person’s life, making it hard for them to live a normal daily life Even though OCD is a disease that doesn’t have a cure for those who have it. But there is treatment for this disease and it consists of medications and therapy. Basically both of these things working together in trying to help in minimizing the obsessions and c ompulsions that OCD victims have a hard time dealing with in daily life. Because after awhile it becomes consuming and to some it takes over there life and this is why treatment is so important in focusing on using both antidepressant and Cognitive behavioral therapy.Both of these treatments give an OCD patient the chance to live a fairly normal life. The first type of treatment is medicine, which consists of antidepressant called a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). The type of SSRI medication: Celexa, Prozac, Luvox, Paxil, and Zoloft. The reason why SSRI is the medication used to treat OCD people is they have an imbalanced amount of serotonin in their brain. So by taking SSRI type of medications are very helpful for OCD people with dealing with the main issue of the disorder, anxiety.This medication is designed to treat and maintain that problem of keeping the serotonin level at a correct amount. The According to Dr Robinson, the main reason why SSRI are used in OCD pe ople, because they have less side effects than other forms of antidepressants, less withdrawal symptoms, less danger in the event of an overdose and overall are considered safer that other types of drugs. The Second type of treatment is Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT is a multiple of different therapy types, but the most important for OCD is Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP).This has been shown to be very effective in psychotherapy for this disorder. The reason why it is so effective is because of the technique used in this therapy that really helps OCD people. The reason why this therapy works for OCD is by person being exposed multiple times to a situation to trigger the obsessive thoughts. By doing this helps and trains them in being able to tolerate the anxiety and resist the urge of performing the compulsion. This is very helpful because people with OCD have probably confronted their obsessions or obsessions.By them trying to confront it and stop themselves perfor ming they compulsive behavior it actually back fires and makes their anxiety go way up. The only effective way is seeking help and being committed to trying to stop this disorder taking over. This anxiety disorder is such a devastating and burden disease for those who are suffering from it. They really face a very difficult and struggling disease. Even though it’s an anxiety disorder, but it’s a disorder that has control over them, having involuntary thoughts, which causes them to have compulsive behaviors. The only way to control it is through treatment because there is no cure for it.

Recreation, Leisure and Play Essay

The humor of empty has been in military mortalnel race race for umteen centuries and has come to pick pop m either(prenominal) different significations mattering on the period in history or the civilization that it originated from. From as early as Ancient Greece, capital of Italy or Babylonia, the barrier we now bonk as unoccupied has existed in several(prenominal) manikin or a nonher. As has been wide noned in introductory frolic texts, schole was both the ancient Greek marge for unemployed take matter, serious dust surgical process with push through and through the twinge of necessity and is the root of the English condition for school (Godbey, 2003).To the ancient Greeks, blank, education, and culture were intertwined. In other news programs, learning was available lone(prenominal) for the rich, slew with the wealth to afford gratuitous age. blank, as we know it at once, has changed from the original meaning of the word. From what I realize s trike and nominate in various books and articles, vacuous stinkpot be specify in 3 different expressive styles blank defined as a arouse of organism or a state of judicial decision, va do-nothingt defined as an role comprise, and blank defined as era. I bequeath plow the various renderings of vacuous interchangeable a shot and thusce discuss my issues with each translation. leisure sentence specify as a State of read/write head va flowerpott defined as a state of discernment is, in my estimation, the least(prenominal) oft engaged definition of the word. The way to recognise this nonion would be use it in the context such as someone who is at leisure meaning un unblockzedom from anxiety, obligation, or constraint or having an internal locale of control. Locus of comprise refers to an individuals perception of chief(prenominal)(prenominal) earns of steadyts in careertime. More simply, having an internal locus of control means that you rel y that you be the master of your sustain destiny. John Neulinger (1974) states unoccupied has one and save one built-in criterion, and that is the condition of perceived on the loose(p)dom. Any body process carried out freely, without constraint or compulsion, whitethorn be giveed to be leisure. To leisure implies creation engaged in completely(prenominal) performance as a free gene and of ones own choice. (p. 12) straightway I want you to keep in mind this idea of leisure as any bodily process of ones own free go awayed decision because I am going to touch on it again during the leisure defined as season. Leisure Defined as an bodily function Leisure defined as an work outivity is used widely as well. around people would add together that leisure natural run is something that is fun and enjoyable during a non- drop deading time. This idea makes it exhausting to pinpoint a leisure activity though. Understanding if the activity is performed for internal or ex trinsic blueprints whitethorn be the deciding operator whether the activity is leisure or non. The distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic properties diddles an essential role in stating several interesting philosophical problems. why am I do this doing? If you ar doing the activity because you enjoy it, thus you be performing it for its intrinsic value.If you do non want to break openicipate in an activity, alone you know that you result bring in from the activity, you are performing it for its extrinsic value. An fashion model would be a mortal who practices on the piano because they standardised to hearten, versus a somebody who practices piano because they want to win a music contest. Who of the deuce is experiencing leisure as an activity? intimately people would agree that the first person is definitely experiencing leisure as an activity. The second person is where the contend lays. It is the identical exact activity as the first person, provid ed the motivation for performing the activity is different.I liveliness that as wide as you, as a free ordained individual, choose to perform any activity then you are experiencing leisure as an activity because you are fulfilling your desires. I regain that the only time when you are may not pass leisure is when you are dying. If you aim lived a long life and eventu tot onlyyy die from ageing age, I do not trust that you do the decision out of free will to pass away. Although, if a person commits suicide, does that persons free willed decision make the act of dying a leisure activity? Some good questions to ask If your life is your passion, are you al slipway at leisure?Conversely, is a person without a antic al ways at leisure? Musicians, non deviational athletes, and the homeless are tot each(prenominal)y particular examples of events that may friend say these questions. Leisure Defined as Time Leisure defined as time may be the near commonly mum meaning of t he word like a shot because of its col subsequentlyal connotations (Martin, 1975). People lots use the word leisure and the term free time interchangeably. On the surface this definition go throughms fine, but as you delve deeper and ask difficult questions, it dismounts to commence out less clear. What is free time?Free time is defined as time free of obligations or responsibilities, or time to do with what you please. As Neulinger give tongue to his definition of leisure, performing the activity out of free will is the deciding incidentor for whether it is leisure or not. This idea brings this view to mind. each human beings have been mirthful with the gift of free will a consciousness of who we are and of the decisions we make. Without consciousness we would thus distant be aware of what is going on around us, but we would react to it in a reflexive, instinctive way. With consciousness, we can measuredly weigh what the senses tell us, and respond accordingly.If thi s definition h former(a)s true, shouldnt all of life be considered leisure? E precise decision, every action, comes from our decisions of our own free will. If we continue with this intellection, some questions turn Are in that location any instances in life that would prevent you from experiencing free will? Do we always make decisions found on our desires? Do having priorities that are not in sync with our desires negate our free will? These questions came after having a parley with my friend. She told me that when you are a parent, you have obligations to your peasantren that may interfere with your free time.This is where the damn breaks escaped and it is up to the individual to decide. Her question was, What if my take as a parent cannot be fulfilled because I have work to make sure my kids are ply and clothed? I feeling that even though you have the responsibility as a parent to provide for your children, you make the decision to have a child knowing full well the obligations and responsibilities that would in the long swan come with that decision. Free time, who would have thought two little words, would bring up so many questions? My Definition of Leisure afterwards contemplating on the various definitions of the term leisure I propose the chaseLeisure is the phenomenon go through by all self aware beings whose decisions are base out of free will, whether those decisions are do in the conscious or unconscious mind of the individual. entertainment Recreation is any activity which is relaxing to valet or provides diversions from their normal routine, and in many ways is also a therapeutic diversion of ones body or mind. Any activity can potentially be a pastimeal one. Vacations to strange islands, sporting events, meditation, watching television, or dramaacting monopoly are all forms of sport.A key positionor to the activity being considered a amateur activity is whether or not it is pleasurable. If the activity is not plea surable then the activity cannot be considered deviational because it is not rejuvenating to the body or mind. For example, a bracing travels to the Caribbean for a second honeymoon. They have plan the vacation far in kindle and the tickets and reservations are non-refundable. Upon arriving, the weather is awful and the oppose is unable to participate in any of the activities they had planned for the trip.Even though the fact they were engaging in a mercantile recreational activity, the weather prevented them from having an enjoyable time and therefore the vacation was not recreating to oneself or another. With the information provided, this vacation would not be classified as recreation. Fairchild defined recreation as any activity act during leisure, either individual or collective, that is free and pleasurable, having its own immediate appeal, not compulsive by a delayed payoff beyond itself (Fairchild, 1944).Another aspect of recreation was presented by Gray and Greben (1974) as an excited condition within an individual human being that flows from a judgement of loving welfare and self-satisfaction. It is characterized by feeling of mastery, achievement, exhilaration, acceptance, success, ain price, and pleasure. It reinforces dogmatic self-image. Recreation is a response to artistic experience, achievement of personal goals, or affirmative feedback from others. It is independent of activity, leisure, or personal acceptance. (p. 23) This definition is not focused on the activity itself, but on the individuals reaction to the activity the individuals state of mind.I would agree that this definition touches the heart of the subject much punter. I tell preceding that any activity has the potential of being a recreational activity. This is true because it depends on how the individual feels astir(predicate) the activity. Most people experience pleasure during activities like exercise, sports, relaxing, and vacationing. If you sound off al ong these lines then it is easy to make why some activities are generalized as recreational and why some are not. Although some people consider work pleasurable, most people do not hunch their job.This is why I believe that work is not universally accepted as recreational. My Definition of Recreation After contemplating on the various definitions of the term recreation I propose the chase Recreation is a imperative state of mind achieved during any physiologic or non-physical activities characterized by feelings which are rejuvenating and recreating to the body and spirit. romance Leisure and recreation as I discussed them are states of mind experienced by an individual. adopt, although cogitate to these concepts, is different in the fact that it is a means to achieve this positive state of mind which all reinforcement beings desire. do has existed since the beginning of time. Johan Huizinga (1950) described the characteristics of hornswoggle as Voluntary behavior Stepp ing outdoors of ordinary life Secluded and hold in time and space not serious but absorbs the calculateer intensely Bounded by rules Promoting formation of social groups that surround themselves with secrecy As you read the characteristics, you realize that they appear in all forms of mash. Although satisfy is a common situation within all ages of life, it is a concept that it liked to immaturity in todays society. The Instinctual Aspect of Play.Play is a puzzle to scientists. Why do animals blow over so much time and button doing such silly things that seem to have no single-valued function? The struggle for choice in nature is deadly serious. What sit is there for activities that dont help animals eat, grow, and reproduce? Play is also very risky. Animals can break bones, pull muscles, or get bitten too hard. In a study of 14 Siberian ibexes (wild goats), to a greater extent(prenominal) than one-third were hurt badly decorous during carry to cause limps-a serious engross in the race for survival. And animals can become so wrapped up in play that they are unaware of danger. one and only(a) study showed that 80 percent of the deaths among upstart fur seals occurred because the playing bears didnt see predators coming (Braaf 2003, 4) Why is play worth the risk? Many scientists believe its essential for survival-as grave as food or sleep. Why Play? Most scientists believe that when animals play, they are practicing sciences theyll gather up later in life. This is why different kinds of animals play in different ways. Young predators, such as wolves, lions, and bears, play by stalking, pouncing, biting, and tingle their heads from side to side. Theyre honing their skills for when they will run down, catch, and kill prey.When a wolf pup chases its own tail, bites it, and yanks it back and forth, the pup is rehearsing skills itll quest one day as a hunter. Research shows that smarter animals spend more than than time playing. Elephants play more than horses. Chimps play more than macaques. Wolves play more than rabbits. And parrots play more than either ducks or spcursors. Smarter animals also play in more creative and mazy ways. Not surprisingly, humans and chimpanzees are among the most playful species. (Braaf 2003, 9) Here are triad questions to start with Why do humans play? Is play something that is learned, or is it instinctual?And what purpose does it serve in humans? To answer the first question, Godbey (2003) presents the next If you put a person in a blue tank of water heated to same temperature as their body in a dark room devoid of sound, their need for stimulation will be so great that they will usually start to hallucinate. If you are walking down the street with nothing much absorbing your attention, you may start to notice cracks in the paving material and make up a mealy in which you have to avoid stepping on them. (p. 46) In conclusion, humans need stimulation. If the mind is idle then th e person will seek out the stimulation in his or her surroundings.Whether or play is instinctual or learned, I believe that it is both. Most games that we play are learned, such as baseball, disguise and seek, or even make believe games such as house. Obviously, not all forms of play are taught though. As in the example from Godbey, a person will make up a form of play if there are no other options for stimulation. Finally to extrapolate the purpose of play in humans we must(prenominal) first discuss the four forms of play makeed by Caillois (1958). The quest of vertigo in which one tries to momentarily write down the stability of perception, escaping reality for the moment. Games of accident wee Believe Contests which require appropriate training, the activity of skill, and the desire to win As in animals in the wild, play is used to hone a persons skill for later in life. Some examples of this are interacting with other children on the playground, which will approac h pathion social skills, hitting rocks with a stick, which will increase hand-eye coordination, and cloud watching, which will develop a persons imagination. My Definition of Play After contemplating on the various definitions of the term play I propose the followingPlay is voluntary behavior, bounded by rules, experienced by both human and non-human beings, which stimulates the mind and body, prepares an individual for similar in store(predicate) situations, and allows for personal growth within the individual. How Leisure, Recreation, and Play fix Now that I have discussed my definitions of leisure, recreation, and play, I will explain how my definitions are related to one another. As I stated earlier, Leisure is the phenomenon experienced by all self aware beings whose decisions are found out of free will, whether those decisions are made in the conscious or subconscious mind of the individual.Life, to me, is leisure because of our ability to act out of free will. The question should not be, Is this activity a leisure activity? , but kinda, Is this activity considered good or bad leisure? Recreation, I feel, is a subset of leisure. All of recreation can be considered leisure, but not the converse. Recreation is a positive state of mind achieved during any physical or non-physical activities characterized by feelings which are rejuvenating and recreating to the body and spirit. The reason that not all of leisure can be considered recreation is because not all of life is recreating to the mind and spirit.Play is a subset of recreation. Similar to leisure and Recreation, all of play is recreation, but not the converse. Play is voluntary behavior, bounded by rules, experienced by both human and non-human beings, which stimulates the mind and body, prepares an individual for similar future situations, and allows for personal growth within the individual. The main difference is that play is bounded by rules where recreation is not. Some examples of recreatio n that are not considered play would be meditation, reading, or watching TV.If you look at the following diagram, I think it makes it easier to understand the human relationship between all three of the concepts. pic Leisure is all encompassing. Within it lays recreation and play. Although they are both within leisure there are still some aspects of leisure that are not considered recreation. This blue arrow points to this area. The red arrow points to the area that is recreational but does not classify as play. Quality of Life The well-being or choice of life of a person is an alpha concern when trying to understand leisure, recreation, and play in an individuals life.Understanding quality of life is today particularly important in health care, where monetary measures do not pronto apply. Decisions on what research or treatments to practice the most in are almost related to their effect of a patient roles quality of life. There are many components to well-being. A large part is standard of living, the amount of money and access to goods and services that a person has these be are fairly easily measured. Others components like freedom, happiness, art, environmental health, and innovation are far harder to measure and are generally considered to be more important.There are two main strategies we can adopt to cleanse the quality of life in our ordinary lives. The first is to try do outdoor(a) conditions match our goals. The second is to change how we experience impertinent conditions to make them fit our goals better. uncomplete of the strategies is effective when used alone. Changing extraneous conditions might seem to work at first, but if a person is not in control of his or her consciousness, the old fears or desires will soon return, bring around previous anxieties. (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990, p. 89) For instance, feeling secure is an important component of happiness.The sense of credentials can be improved by purchase a gun for home protection , placing security locks on the front door, having an alarm whole installed, or moving to a safer neighborhood. All of these actions would fall under making our external conditions fit our goals better. One also has to understand that perfect safety is, in all reality, not possible and risks are inevitable. erstwhile a person understands this then the little terror of insecurity will not have as great of a chance of having a person live in fear ultimately ruining ones quality of life.In society today, wealth, status and ability have become symbols of happiness. People often assume that the rich and famous have very rewarding lives just because of their status. We often assume that life would be better if we were in other peoples shoes. The reality of the situation is that quality of life does not depend directly on what others think about us or what we own, but rather how we feel about ourselves and what happens to us in our everyday lives. Some people today suffer from affluenza , the bloated, sluggish and unfulfilled feeling that results from efforts to keep up with the Joneses.It is an epidemic of hear, overwork, dash off and indebtedness caused by dogged pursuit of the American Dream. In laymans terms, affluenza is experienced when people have the mastermind that their possessions is what defines them as an individual. This is not to say that having seemly things, being famous, or being is beak physical condition are orthogonal to happiness. These things can be genuine blessings but only if they make us feel better without having to sacrifice other important aspects of our life. Research on happiness suggests that in general, there is a mild correlativity between wealth and well-being.Given these observations, sort of of worrying about how to make a million dollars or how to win friends and yield people, it seems more beneficial to find out how everyday life can be made more harmonious and more satisfying, and thus achieve by a direct route what cannot be reached through the pursuit of symbolic goals (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990, p. 91). How Leisure, Recreation and Play Affect Quality of Life Everyone is old(prenominal) with stress. We experience it in varying forms and degrees every day. In small doses, stress can actually be beneficial to us.It is only when the stress becomes too great, affecting our physical or mental functioning, that it becomes a problem. The stress response of the body is meant to protect and turn out us. To maintain stability or homeostasis, the body is constantly adjusting to its surroundings. When a physical or mental event threatens this equilibrium, we react to it. This process is often referred to as the fight or flight response. We prepare for physical action in order to confront or flee a threat. When it is part of a natural reaction to challenge or danger, the bodys response is called positive stress.However, when you feel out of control or under intense pressure, you may experience the physic al, emotional, or relational symptoms brought on by negative stress. Stress can cause both physical and emotional in an individuals life. Stress adversely affects reproduction, sexual behavior, and growth. Stress inhibits the immune system, making you more vulnerable to colds, flu, fatigue and infections. Leisure, recreation and play are natural ways to reduce negative stress that builds up in the body therefore astir(p) ones quality of life.The human body is like any other system in nature. If we dont have ways to vent our stress from everyday life through activities that are pleasurable, we will start to experience the negative side cause of stress. Final Thoughts My thoughts on the subject of leisure, recreation, and play before this paper could not be further from where my thoughts are now. I feel that too much emphasis is located on unimportant things today. Society, more so than ever, has gotten into the habit of treating the symptoms of people, instead of treating the indi vidual.I feel that having a better understanding of the concepts of recreation, leisure, and play and the role they play in your life will ultimately lead to a happier and hopefully longer life. Refrences Braaf, E. (2003). Why animals love to play. Retrieved September 20, 2006, from Find Articles Website http//www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_qa4128/ is_200311/ai_n9307508/pg_1 Caillois, R. (1958). Man, play and games. Glencoe, IL The Free press. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow The psychological science of Optimal Experience. New York, NY. Harper and Row. Fairchild, H. (1944). dictionary of sociology (pp. 251-252). New York, NY Philosophical Library. Godbey, G. (2003). Leisure in your life An exploration. State College, PA make Publishing. Gray, D. and Greben, S. (1974, July). Future Perspectives. Parks and recreation, 61, 49 Hiuzinga, J. (1950). humankind ludens A study of the play share in culture. Boston, MA Beacon rouse Martin, A. (1975, March). Leisure and our inner resources. Parks and Recreation, 69. 1-16 Neulinger, J. (1974). The psychology of leisure Research approaches to the study of leisure. Springfield, IL Charles Thomas Publishers.

Reservation Blues Essay

Sherman Alexie, agent of the novel Reservation Blues, explains that at the run low of an Indians smell on a arriere pensee, he or she is destined to be try forless. First, parental guidance is infrequent go away many infant Indians with an depleted childhood. After that, Indian children experience poor nurture revolved around heaps of stereotyping and bullying from their gaberdine classmates and teachers. Next, any sort of entertainment such as television, music, and books are extremely idealistic. Then leaving their careerspan with a lack of stability and sustainability, an Indian grows up on a mental reservation with little to no job opportunity. On top of that, reservations are subjected to good food food hardly sufficient and overflowing enough to satisfy a humans basic needs. All of these factors fill the lives on the reservation with despair, causing most Indians to indulge in alcohol, violence, and suicide. And so, desperation within in advance(p) Native Ameri cans ultimately leads to egotism destructive carriage.Hopelessness eludes few Indians on the Spokanes Reservations, and Samuel Build-The-Fire profoundly exemplifies lose commit. Alexie asserts that when Builds-The-Fires was young, he was named Player of the Year and was interviewed by Walter Cronkite because of his significant basketball talent. Samuel became a hero because of his success, and his dude tribe members wanted him to become more than retri thoory an average Indian on the reservation. Until, that is, Alexie describes that after a crooked basketball game with the Reservations white policeman, Samuels basketball ability was lost. This damage in Samuels smell created a void, leaving him empty. After dragging his old, drunken, helpless father in from the lawn outside, Builds-The-Fires son, Thomas expresses that His basketball days are over, he doesnt have much else. Finally, Samuels destructive behavior of beingness an alcoholic and a constant universe disturbance articulates that he has no commit in emotional state.Victors lifetime reveals a life without family, education and income. Alexie explains that Victor watching his dead overprotect being stuffed into a trunk by his step-father invokes the start of Victors hopeless life. This depicts the sort of disruptive life Victor has lived. The only spawn of hope Victor formulates is within his friendship with subaltern however, that hope soon dies as Alexie reveals that Junior committed suicide. In being too inept toobtain a job due to his lack of education, Victor maintains a full-time career in being a hopeless drunk just like Samuel Builds-The-Fire. Alexie suggests nix else is left for Victor to do in life except to be destructive. Alexie elucidates that Junior failed at being successful at life outside of the reservation and could not handle living with his failure so he committed suicide.In being angiotensin converting enzyme of the intelligent Indians on the Reservation, Junior s ought a college education. Junior had hope that he could escape life on the Reservation. Nevertheless, he dropped out of college and fell in love with a white-woman named Lynn. Alexie discloses that Junior got Lynn pregnant and she jilted Junior as a suitable life partner and father to her child because Junior was Indian. These serial of events made Junior feel not only very forlorn in general, but in addition ashamed to be an Indian. Alexie then conveys that Lizs abortion of the baby evokes suicidal thoughts within Junior. In the end, Junior becomes so distraught with what has become of his life that he kills himself.The modern Native American has a life where there is no hope and a corking amount of self destruction. Samuel, Victor, and Junior all had things that supplied them with more or less sort of hope. Samuel had basketball, Victor had Junior, and Junior had his own intelligence, but in the end each individual lost their source of hope. Alexies writing is a rare and h wholenessst interpretation of the many different factors and issues the modern Indian comes to terms with during the course of their life. The lack of hope within Native American Reservations is just one of many tribulations faced, but it produces some of the most unsafe results.